10 Benefits and Drawbacks of a Limited Slip Differential (and How it Works)

There are three types of differentials that a vehicle could have; open differentials, locking differentials, and limited slip differentials (LSD). While their main job is sending engine power to the wheels, how they handle that power varies significantly.

While an open differential still power any wheels that are losing traction, a limited slip differential reduces power to a spinning/slipping wheel and sends more to the wheel with grip.

Let’s look at why this matters by going over the pros and cons of a limited slip diff and exactly how this type of differential works.

What is a Limited Slip Differential (LSD)?

A differential is an important component that allows your vehicle’s driven wheels to rotate at different speeds while still delivering power to both wheels. This is particularly important when turning since the outside wheel needs to spin faster than the inside wheel to maintain traction and prevent tire scrubbing.

Open Diff vs Limited Slip Diff

An open differential, which is found in the majority of the vehicles on the road, simply splits engine power 50/50 between the two wheels. While this works okay in normal conditions, it becomes a problem when one wheel loses traction.

The open diff will send power to the path of least resistance, meaning that the spinning wheel gets all the power while the wheel with grip gets none.

A limited slip differential solves this issue by using internal clutch packs or gears to transfer more power to the wheel with traction when it detects wheel spin. Unlike a locking differential that forces both wheels to spin at the same speed, an LSD can still allow for different wheel speeds during turning while providing better traction when needed.

Related: Limited Slip vs Locking Differential (Key Differences)

How a Limited Slip Differential Works

Your vehicle’s drivetrain setup determines how many differentials it has.

  • Front-wheel drive cars have one differential in the front
  • Rear-wheel drive cars have one in the rear
  • All-wheel drive vehicles typically have both front and rear differentials plus a center differential or transfer case to split power between the axles.

A limited slip differential contains several important components that work together: a set of clutch packs, springs, and gears. When both wheels have equal traction, the LSD functions like a standard differential, allowing the wheels to turn at different speeds during cornering.

The magic happens when one wheel starts to spin. As wheel speed differences increase, the clutch packs engage due to either mechanical force or electronic control. These clutches create resistance between the spinning and non-spinning wheel, forcing more power to transfer to the wheel with better traction.

There are three main types of LSDs you’ll encounter:

  1. Clutch-Type: Most common in passenger vehicles. Uses a set of clutch plates to transfer power between wheels. The clutches wear over time and need periodic maintenance.
  2. Torque-Sensing (Helical): Uses special gears instead of clutches. More durable than clutch-type but can be more expensive. Popular in high-performance applications.
  3. Electronic: Uses sensors and computer control to manage power distribution. Offers the most precise control but is the most complex and expensive to repair.

The type of LSD in your vehicle affects both performance and maintenance needs. A clutch-type LSD needs special fluid changes every 30,000-60,000 miles, while a torque-sensing unit may only need attention during major service intervals.

See Also: How to Do a Burnout in an Automatic Car or Truck

Benefits of a Limited Slip Differential

A limited slip differential offers several major advantages over standard open differentials, especially when it comes to traction and performance.

1) Better Traction in Poor Conditions

When one wheel hits ice, snow, mud, or loose gravel, a limited slip diff automatically sends more power to the wheel with grip. This helps prevent you from getting stuck and maintains forward momentum.

Unlike an open differential that wastes power on the spinning wheel, an LSD keeps you moving by putting the power where it’s needed most.

2) Improved Performance and Handling

BMW driving on windy road

During hard acceleration or aggressive cornering, LSDs help put power down effectively and reduce wheel spin. By managing power distribution between the driven wheels, you get better launch control, more stable cornering, and improved overall performance.

This is why LSDs are standard equipment on many sports cars and performance vehicles.

3) Reduced Wear on Components

An LSD’s ability to balance power between wheels means less stress on your drivetrain parts. When one wheel isn’t constantly spinning and slipping, you’ll see less premature wear on tires, axle shafts, and other drivetrain components.

This can lead to longer part life and lower maintenance costs over time.

4) Off-Road Capability

off road

For trucks and SUVs that venture off pavement, a limited slip differential significantly improves climbing ability and traction in challenging terrain. While not as capable as a locking differential for extreme off-roading, an LSD provides a good balance of on-road comfort and off-road capability.

5) Better Safety in Emergency Maneuvers

During sudden steering inputs or emergency maneuvers, an LSD helps maintain stability by preventing one wheel from breaking loose.

This added control can be especially valuable during panic stops or when trying to avoid obstacles, giving you a better chance of maintaining control of your vehicle.

Downsides of a Limited Slip Differential

While LSDs offer many benefits, they do come with some drawbacks that you should consider before purchasing a vehicle (or making an upgrade). Here are the main disadvantages to keep in mind.

1) Higher Initial Cost

A limited slip differential typically costs $600-1,200 more than a standard open differential. Installation adds another $200-400 in labor if you’re not doing it yourself. For many vehicles, this represents a significant investment that needs to be weighed against your driving needs.

2) Increased Maintenance Requirements

car on lift for tire rotation

LSDs need more frequent fluid changes than open differentials, usually every 30,000-60,000 miles. The special friction-modifying oil can cost 2-3 times more than standard gear oil. Clutch-type LSDs may also need rebuilding after 100,000 miles due to clutch wear.

3) Turning Behavior Changes

You may notice slightly different handling characteristics, especially during low-speed turns in parking lots. The LSD’s resistance can cause the vehicle to “bind” or feel like it’s fighting against itself during tight turns. While not dangerous, it takes some getting used to.

4) Not All LSDs Are Created Equal

car makes rattling noise

Different LSD designs perform differently. A clutch-type LSD might be grabby and noisy, while an electronic LSD could be smoother but more complex to repair. Some aftermarket LSDs may also be too aggressive for daily driving, making the car less pleasant to use as a daily driver.

5) Limited Power Transfer

Unlike a locking differential, an LSD can’t send 100% of the power to one wheel. It will always allow some slip, which means in extreme conditions (like one wheel completely off the ground), you might still get stuck even with an LSD.

Maintenance and Repair

  • Fluid Changes:  An LSD needs special limited-slip differential fluid with friction modifiers. Standard gear oil won’t work properly and can damage the clutches. Most should plan on changing the fluid every 30,000-60,000 miles. But if regularly used for towing or off-roading, a shorter (15,000-30,000 mile) change interval is recommended.
  • Common Problems:  Listen for chattering noises during tight turns as this can indicate worn clutches or the wrong fluid. You may also notice increased resistance during turns or decreased performance in slippery conditions. These symptoms suggest your LSD needs attention.
  • Repair Costs:  A complete LSD rebuild typically runs $800-1,200 at a shop. Individual components like clutch packs cost $200-400 plus labor. Using the correct fluid ($15-30 per quart) during regular maintenance helps prevent expensive repairs.
  • DIY Maintenance Tips:  You can change LSD fluid yourself with basic tools. Always verify the correct fluid type in your manual. When draining, check for metal particles in the old fluid (excessive metal suggests internal wear). Make sure to properly torque the fill plug to prevent leaks.

Frequently Asked Questions

how limited slip differential works

How do I know if my car has a limited slip diff?

Check Your Vehicle Documentation

Look in your owner’s manual under “Features” or “Specifications.” Performance or towing packages often include an LSD. The term “Traction-Lok,” “Positraction,” or “G80” in your vehicle specs indicates a factory LSD.

Common Factory Applications

LSDs typically come standard on sports cars (Mustang GT, Camaro SS, BMW M models), performance SUVs and trucks, vehicles with towing packages, and off-road focused models.

Simple Test Methods

  • Put one drive wheel on dry pavement and the other on gravel or grass. Slowly accelerate. If both wheels turn, you likely have an LSD.
  • Turn tightly in an empty parking lot at low speed. A mild chattering noise often indicates an LSD.

Should I upgrade to an LSD?

mustang drift

First, you’ll need to verify if your vehicle can actually accept an LSD upgrade. Not all differentials can be converted. It depends on your specific make, model, and axle configuration.

Many popular performance cars and trucks have aftermarket options available, but some vehicles would require extensive modifications that make the upgrade impractical.

Cost vs. Benefit Analysis

Installing an aftermarket LSD runs $1,000-2,000 including labor. Consider your driving needs. Do you frequently drive in inclement weather (rain, snow, ice)? Do you ever race on a track or autocross? Regularly tow heavy loads? An LSD could be worth the investment.

For typical daily driving, the upgrade cost might outweigh the benefits.

Vehicle Applications

Commonly upgradeable vehicles include:

  • Mustangs, Camaros, and other muscle cars
  • Popular tuner cars (Mazda Miata, BMW E30 and E36 3 series, Honda Civic, Honda S2000)
  • Full-size trucks and SUVs
  • Jeeps and off-road vehicles

Can I put a limited slip diff in my front-wheel drive car?

While technically possible in many cases, most FWD vehicles aren’t designed for LSD upgrades. The extra torque can cause excessive wear on CV joints and other components. But, some performance FWD cars like the Honda Civic Type R come with factory LSDs.

Will an LSD help in snow and ice?

Yes, LSDs improve winter traction significantly by transferring power to the wheel with grip. However, winter tires often make an even bigger difference in snow performance.

Does an LSD affect fuel economy?

The impact is minimal; probably less than a 1 mpg difference. The slight increase in drivetrain resistance is offset by improved traction.

Can I mix different types of tires with an LSD?

No. Always use matching tires on an LSD-equipped axle. Different tire sizes or types can damage the differential.

Kevin

7 thoughts on “10 Benefits and Drawbacks of a Limited Slip Differential (and How it Works)”

  1. does this drive alike a posi, slightly pulling around corners or is it a happy medium between posi and open diff. and the important one… can it do a good 2 tire burnout

    Reply
  2. Good job buddy! I have a charger rt road and track. I lowered it 1″, installed a hellcat snorkel intake, fatter tires, etc. Its not super fast but I have been toying with the idea of an LSD to get more power to the pavement. You have convinced me to make this my next mod. Thank you!

    Reply

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